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Until , each country provided one set of points, representing the votes of either the country's jury, public or, since the grand final, the votes of both combined. Since , each country's votes have been announced as part of a voting segment of the contest's broadcast.


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After each country's votes have been calculated and verified, and following performances during the interval, the presenter s of the contest will call upon a spokesperson in each country in turn to invite them to announce the results of their country's vote in English or French. The votes from each country are tallied via a scoreboard , which typically shows the total number of points each country has so far received, as well as the points being given out by the country currently being called upon by the presenter s. The scoreboard was first introduced in ; voting at the first contest was held behind closed doors, but taking inspiration from the UK's Festival of British Popular Songs which featured voting by regional juries, the EBU decided to incorporate this idea into its own contest.

Historically, each country's spokesperson would announce all points being given out in sequence, which would then be repeated by the contest's presenter s in both English and French. With the increase in the number of competing countries, and therefore the number of countries voting in the final, the voting sequence soon became a lengthy process. From , to save time, only each country's 8, 10 and 12 points were announced by their spokesperson, with points 1—7 automatically added to the scoreboard.

From to , the order in which the participating countries announced their votes was in reverse order of the presentation of their songs; from to , countries were called upon in the same order in which they presented their songs, with the exception of the contest, where a drawing of lots was used to decide the order in which countries were called upon.

This order is based upon the jury results submitted after the "jury final" dress rehearsal the day before the grand final, to create a more suspenseful experience for the viewing public. Since , when the votes of each country's jury and public are announced separately, the voting presentation begins with each country's spokespersons being called upon in turn to announce the points of their country's professional jury.

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Once the jury points from all countries have been announced, the contest's presenter s will then announce the total public points received for each finalist, with the results of all countries consolidated into a single value for each participating country. Since , the rules of the contest outline how to determine the winning country in cases where two or more countries have the same number of points at the end of the voting.

The method of breaking a tie has changed over time, and the current tie-break rule has been in place since In this event, a combined national televoting and jury result is calculated for each country, and the winner is the song which has obtained points from the highest number of countries.

The first tie-break rule was introduced following the contest, when four of the sixteen countries taking part—France, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom—all finished the voting with an equal number of votes. As of [update] , on only one occasion since has there been a tie for first place: in , at the end of the voting procedure both Sweden and France had received points each.

The tie-breaking rule in place at the time specified that the country which had received the most sets of 12 points would be declared the winner; if there was still a tie, then the 10 points received, followed by 8 points, etc. Both France and Sweden had received four sets of 12 points, however as Sweden had received more individual 10 points than France, Sweden's Carola was declared the winner. A number of steps have been established to ensure that a valid voting result is obtained and that transparency in the vote and results is observed.

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Each country's professional jury, as well as the individual jury members, must meet a set criteria to be eligible, regarding professional background, and diversity in gender and age. A set criteria is outlined against which the competing entries should be evaluated against, and all jury members pledge in writing that they will use this criteria when ranking the entries, as well as stating that they are not connected to any of the contestants in any way that could influence their decision.

Additionally, jury members may only sit on a jury once every three years. Each jury member votes independently of the other members of the jury, and no discussion or deliberation about the vote between members is permitted. Since , the televoting in each country has been overseen by the contest's official voting partner, the German-based Digame.


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    8. This company gathers all televotes and, since , jury votes in all countries, which are then processed by the company's Pan-European Response Platform, based out of their Voting Control Centre in Cologne , Germany. This system ensures that all votes are counted in accordance with the rules, and that any attempts to unfairly influence the vote are detected and mitigated. Participating broadcasters from competing countries are required to air live the semi-final in which they compete, or in the case of the automatic finalists the semi-final in which they are required to vote, and the grand final, in its entirety, including all competing songs, the voting recap which contains short clips of the performances, the voting procedure or semi-final qualification reveal, and in the grand final the reprise of the winning song.

    The contest was first produced in colour in , and has been broadcast in widescreen since , and in high-definition since An archiving project was initiated by the EBU in , aiming to collate footage from all editions of the contest and related materials from its history ahead of the contest's 60th anniversary, in The first contest in was primarily a radio show, however cameras were present to broadcast the show for the few Europeans who had a television set; any video footage which may have been recorded has since been lost over time, however audio of the contest has been preserved and a short newsreel of the winning reprise has survived.

    The copyright of each individual contest from to is held by the organising host broadcaster for that year's contest. Since , the rights to each contest are now held centrally by the EBU. From the original seven countries which entered the first contest in , the number of competing countries has steadily grown over time, with over 20 countries regularly competing by the late s. The first discussions around modifying the contest's format to account for the growth in competing countries took place in the s.

    In , with the contest now ten years old, the EBU invited participating broadcasters to share proposals for the future of the contest after the Luxembourgish broadcaster CLT expressed doubts about their ability to stage the contest. Besides slight modifications to the voting system in use and other rules, no fundamental changes to the contest's format were introduced until the early s, when changes in Europe in the late s and early s saw the formation of new countries and interest in the contest from countries in the former Eastern Bloc began to grow, particularly after the cessation of the Eastern European rival OIRT network and its merger with the EBU in To reduce this number, the contest organisers implemented a preselection method for the first time, to reduce the number of entries that would compete at the main contest in Millstreet , Ireland.

    Seven countries in Central and Eastern Europe looking to take part for the first time competed in Kvalifikacija za Millstreet Preselection for Millstreet , held in Ljubljana , Slovenia one month before the contest, with the top three countries qualifying.

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    At the close of the voting, Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia and Slovenia , were chosen to head to Millstreet, meaning Estonia , Hungary , Romania and Slovakia would have to wait another year before being allowed to compete. The bottom seven countries in were asked to miss out the following year, however as Italy and Luxembourg withdrew voluntarily, only the bottom five countries eventually missed the contest in Dublin , to be replaced by the four competing countries in Kvalifikacija za Millstreet that had missed out and new entries from Lithuania , Poland and Russia. This system was used again in for qualification for the contest , but a new system was introduced for the contest.

    Primarily in an attempt to appease Germany, one of Eurovision's biggest markets and biggest financial contributors which would have otherwise been relegated under the previous system, the contest saw an audio-only qualification round held in the months before the contest in Oslo , Norway. However Germany would be one of the seven countries to miss out, alongside Hungary, Romania, Russia, Denmark , Israel , and Macedonia , in what would have been their debut entry in the contest.

    In the rules on country relegation were changed to exempt France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom from relegation, giving them the automatic right to compete regardless of their five-year point average. This group, as the highest-paying European Broadcasting Union members which significantly fund the contest each year, subsequently became known as the "Big Four" countries. There is some debate around whether this status prejudices the countries' results in the contest, based on reported antipathy over their automatic qualification, as well as the potential disadvantage of having performed less time on the main stage because they have not had to compete in the semi-finals.

    An influx of new countries for the contest forced the contest's Reference Group to rethink on how best to manage the still-growing number of countries looking to enter the contest for the first time. As they deemed it not possible to eliminate 10 countries each year, for the contest the organisers placed an initial freeze on new applications while they found a solution to this problem. In January , the EBU announced the introduction of a semi-final, expanding the contest into a two-day event from Following the performances and the voting window, the names of the 10 countries with the highest number of points, which would therefore qualify for the grand final, are announced at the end of the show, revealed in a random order by the contest's presenters.

    The single semi-final continued to be held between and , however by , with over 40 countries competing in that year's contest in Helsinki , Finland, the semi-final featured 28 entries competing for 10 spots in the final. The automatic finalists are also split between the two semi-finals for the purpose of determining which semi-final they are obligated to air and provide votes. Full voting results from the semi-finals are withheld until after the grand final, whereupon they are published on the official Eurovision website.

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    On only one occasion has the contest seen multiple winners being declared in a single contest: in , four countries finished the contest with an equal number of votes; with the lack of a rule in place at the time to break a tie for first place, all four countries were declared winners. The United Kingdom holds the record for the number of second-place finishes, having come runner-up in the contest 15 times. The various competing countries have had varying degrees of success in the contest over the years. Only two countries have won the contest in their first appearance: Switzerland , the winner of the first contest in ; and Serbia , which won the contest in in their first participation as an independent country, having previously competed as part of Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro in previous contests.

    It is rare, but not impossible, for a country to record back-to-back wins. In the contest's history this has occurred on four occasions: Spain became the first country to do so, when they were declared the winners of the contest and one of the four shared winners in ; Luxembourg was the first to do so without sharing the title, when they won the contest in and ; Israel did likewise in and ; and Ireland became the first country to win three consecutive titles, winning the contest in , and A number of countries have had relatively short waits before winning their first contest: Ukraine won on their second appearance in , while Latvia won in their third contest in Greece set the record for the longest wait for a win in the contest in , when Elena Paparizou won the contest 31 years after Greece's first appearance; the following year Finland broke this record, when Lordi ended a year losing streak for the Nordic country.

    Many countries have also had to wait many years to win the contest again. Switzerland went 32 years before winning the contest for a second time in ; Denmark held a year gap between wins in and , and the Netherlands waited 44 years to win the contest again in , their most recent win having been in The majority of the winning songs have been performed at the contest in English, particularly since the language rule was abolished in Since that contest, only five winning songs have been performed either fully or partially in a language other than English. In winning the contest, the artists and songwriters receive a trophy, which since has featured a standard design.

    This trophy is a handmade piece of sandblasted glass with painted details in the shape of a s-style microphone , and was designed by Kjell Engman of Swedish-based Kosta Boda , who specialise in glass art. Winning performers from the Eurovision Song Contest feature as some of the world's best-selling artists , while a number of the contest's winning songs have gone to become some of the best-selling singles globally.

    ABBA , the winners of the contest for Sweden, have sold an estimated million albums and singles since their contest win propelled them to worldwide fame, with their winning song " Waterloo " having sold over five million records. Dana , Ireland's winner at the contest with " All Kinds of Everything ", went on to serve as a Member of the European Parliament and ran unsuccessfully in two Irish presidential elections.

    Just a Little Bit ", which originally came eighth in the contest for the United Kingdom, reached 1 on the UK Singles Chart the last Eurovision song to achieve this as of [update] and achieved success across Europe and the US, selling , records and peaking at 12 on the Billboard Hot Johnny Logan remains the only artist to have won multiple Eurovision titles as a performer, winning the contest for Ireland in with " What's Another Year ", written by Shay Healy , and in with " Hold Me Now ", written by Logan himself.

    Logan was also the winning songwriter at the contest when he wrote another Irish winner, " Why Me? Besides the song contest itself, the television broadcast regularly features performances from artists and musicians which are not competing in the contest, as may also include appearances from local and international personalities. Previous winners of the contest also regularly feature, with the reigning champion traditionally returning to perform last year's winning song, as well as sometimes performing a new song from their repertoire. The interval act, held after the final competing song has been performed and before the announcement of each country's votes, has become a memorable part of the contest and has featured both internationally known artists and local stars.

    The first public appearance of Riverdance was as part of the Eurovision Song Contest interval at the contest held in Dublin , Ireland; the seven-minute performance featuring traditional Irish music and dance was later expanded into a full stage show that has since been performed at over venues worldwide and seen by over 25 million people, becoming one of the most successful dance productions in the world and a launchpad for its lead dancers Michael Flatley and Jean Butler.