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After the Castilian wool monopoly ended, the Basques , many hailing from Bilbao Biscay , thrived as merchants wool, iron commodities, etc. They maintained separate communities governed by their own laws until the economic collapse after Such wealth gave rise to social upheavals, which were for the most part harshly contained by the militia. In , however, after the Bruges Matins the nocturnal massacre of the French garrison in Bruges by the members of the local Flemish militia on 18 May , the population joined forces with the Count of Flanders against the French , culminating in the victory at the Battle of the Golden Spurs , fought near Kortrijk on 11 July.
The statue of Jan Breydel and Pieter de Coninck , the leaders of the uprising, can still be seen on the Big Market square. The city maintained a militia as a permanent paramilitary body. It gained flexibility and high prestige by close ties to a guild of organized militia, comprising professionals and specialized units. Militia men bought and maintained their own weapons and armour, according to their family status and wealth.
Together they formed a parliament; however they frequently quarrelled amongst themselves. In the 15th century, Philip the Good , Duke of Burgundy , set up court in Bruges, as well as Brussels and Lille , attracting a number of artists, bankers, and other prominent personalities from all over Europe.
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The new oil-painting techniques of the Flemish school gained world renown. The first book in English ever printed was published in Bruges by William Caxton. Starting around , the Zwin channel, the Golden Inlet which had given the city its prosperity, began silting up and the Golden Era ended.
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During the 17th century, the lace industry took off, and various efforts to bring back the glorious past were made. During the s, the city was the base for Charles II of England and his court in exile.
Bruges became impoverished and gradually faded in importance; its population dwindling from , to 50, by In the last half of the 19th century, Bruges became one of the world's first tourist destinations attracting wealthy British and French tourists. In World War I German forces occupied Bruges but the city suffered virtually no damage and was liberated on 19 October by the Allies. On 12 September it was liberated by Canadian troops. After , the original medieval city experienced a "renaissance". Restorations of residential and commercial structures, historic monuments, and churches generated a surge in tourism and economic activity in the ancient downtown area.
International tourism has boomed, and new efforts resulted in Bruges being designated ' European Capital of Culture ' in It attracts some eight million tourists annually. The port of Zeebrugge was built in It was greatly expanded in the s and early s and has become one of Europe's most important and modern ports. The municipality comprises:. Bruges has most of its medieval architecture intact, making it one of the best preserved medieval towns in Europe.
The sculpture Madonna and Child , which can be seen in the transept, is believed to be the only of Michelangelo 's sculptures to have left Italy within his lifetime. Bruges' most famous landmark is its 13th-century belfry , housing a municipal carillon comprising 47 bells.
Bruges is known for its lace , a textile technique. Moreover, the city and its famous lace would go on to inspire the Thread Routes film series, the second episode of which, shot in , was partly set in Bruges. Bruges is home to many museums of various kinds. Its arts museums include the Arents House, as well as the Groeningemuseum , which has an extensive collection of medieval and early modern art, including a notable collection of Flemish Primitives.
The preserved old city gateways: the Kruispoort , the Gentpoort , the Smedenpoort and the Ezelpoort. The Dampoort , the Katelijnepoort and the Boeveriepoort are gone. The Old St. Most notably, the city is known for Bruggemuseum "Bruges Museum" , the general name for a group of 11 different historical museums in the city, including:.
George's Archers Guild, St. Trudo Abbey, and the Public Observatory Beisbroek. Bruges, the patron saint of which is Andrew the Apostle , [38] is also known for its religious landmarks. The Basilica of the Holy Blood Dutch : Heilig-Bloedbasiliek , in particular, is the relic of the Holy Blood , which was brought to the city after the Second Crusade by Thierry of Alsace , and is paraded every year through the streets of the city. More than 1, inhabitants take part in this mile-long religious procession , many dressed as medieval knights or crusaders.
Salvator's Cathedral. The Church of Our Lady Bruges. Steenhouwers Canal with the Belfry and spires of the Stadhuis.
The Dijver canal and the tower of the Church of Our Lady. The Steenstraat with St. Salvator's Cathedral in the background. Part of the Markt market square. Facade of the Huis 't Schaep building. Driving within the 'egg', the historical centre enclosed by the main circle of canals in Bruges, is discouraged by traffic management schemes, including a network of one-way streets.
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The system encourages the use of set routes leading to central car parks and direct exit routes. The car parks are convenient for the central commercial and tourist areas; they are not expensive. Bruges' main railway station is the focus of lines to the Belgian coast. It also provides at least hourly trains to all other major cities in Belgium, as well as to Lille , France.
The main station is also a stop for the Thalys train Paris— Brussels — Ostend. Bus links to the centre are frequent, though the railway station is just a minute walk from the main shopping streets and a minute walk from the Market Square.
Plans for a north—south light rail connection through Bruges, from Zeebrugge to Lichtervelde , and a light rail connection between Bruges and Ostend are under construction. The national Brussels Airport , one hour away by train or car, offers the best connections. The nearest airport is the Ostend-Bruges International Airport in Ostend around 25 kilometres 16 miles from the city centre of Bruges , but it offers limited passenger transport and connections.
Bruges has an extensive web of bus lines, operated by De Lijn , providing access to the city centre and the suburbs city lines, Dutch : stadslijnen and to many towns and villages in the region around the city regional lines, Dutch : streeklijnen.
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In support of the municipal traffic management see "Road" above , free public transport is available for those who park their cars in the main railway station car park. Although a few streets are restricted, no part of Bruges is car free. Cars are required to yield to pedestrians and cyclists.
Plans have long been under way to ban cars altogether from the historic center of Bruges or to restrict traffic much more than it currently is, but these plans have yet to come to fruition. In , signs were changed for the convenience of cyclists, allowing two-way cycle traffic on more streets, however car traffic has not decreased.
On 6 March , the British ferry MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsized after leaving the port, killing people, the worst disaster involving a British civilian vessel since Between and Bruges hosted the start of the annual Tour of Flanders cycle race, held in April and one of the biggest sporting events in Belgium. Football is also popular in Bruges; the city hosts two professional football teams, both of which play at the top level Belgian First Division Club Brugge K.
There are plans for a new stadium for Club Brugge with about 45, seats in the north of the city, while the city council would renovate and reduce the capacity of the Jan Breydel Stadium for Cercle Brugge. Bruges is an important centre for education in West Flanders. On principle, Bruges has to date never entered into close collaboration with twin cities.
Without denying the usefulness of these schemes for towns with fewer international contacts, the main reason is that Bruges would find it difficult to choose between cities and thinks that it has enough work already with its many international contacts.
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This principle resulted, in the s, in Bruges refusing a jumelage with Nice and other towns, signed by a Belgian ambassador without previous consultation. In the s, a Belgian consul in Oldenburg made the mayor of Bruges sign a declaration of friendship which he tried to present, in vain, as a jumelage. This does not mean that Bruges would not be interested in cooperation with others, as well in the short term as in the long run, for particular projects.
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Here follow a few examples. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Bruges disambiguation. Municipality in Flemish Community, Belgium. Coat of arms. See also: Timeline of Bruges. The Provinciaal Hof. Main article: Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge. Main article: Notable people from Bruges.
Retrieved 9 March Repertorium van de pers in West-Vlaanderen Nauwelaerts, University of Michigan. Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism 3 ed. Retrieved on 19 October The metropolitan area of Bruges is divided into three levels. West-Vlaanderen Dating. Brussels Dating. Brabant Wallon Dating. Vlaams-Brabant Dating. Flanders Dating.