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Still, I received quite a few sexual proposals, which confirms the experiences of other women. This is remarkable when you consider that sex is a less frequent motive. But you never know the context of the question: are you dealing with a group of men who are having a bit of fun? Ine Van Houdenhove for Campuskrant. Translated with minor adaptations by Katrien Bollen. You are commenting using your WordPress. You are commenting using your Google account. You are commenting using your Twitter account. You are commenting using your Facebook account.
Notify me of new comments via email. Notify me of new posts via email. Teun Depreeuw. Teun Depreeuw is founder and owner of Muurtuin. Click the picture to read more. Books for Brains.
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Follow Blog via Email Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Join other followers. One-night stands, friends with benefits, or fuck buddies? During a research stay in Indiana, communication scientist Elisabeth Timmermans became acquainted with the American hookup culture.
So far, studies have concluded that the hookup culture is most prominent on university campuses, including the campus of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, where I spent nine months. Like this: Like Loading Evaluation of tomato genotypes against tomato mosaic virus ToMV and its effect on yield contributing parameters. The use of resistant varieties is an effective, economic and environment friendly management of plant diseases particularly those caused by viruses. This paper reports, evaluation of 21 different tomato genotypes to find out resistance sources against Tomato mosaic virus ToMV and to study effect of the virus on yield contributing parameters.
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Characteristic necrotic lesions were observed on differential hosts viz. White burly and Chenopodium amaranticolor after 10 and days of inoculation, respectively. Upon ToMV inoculation, plants of accession No. Plants of accession No. Maximum virus titre 2. Among tested genotypes, one was highly resistant, one resistant, four moderately susceptible and 15 were susceptible.
The virus significantly p Detection and molecular characterization of tomato yellow leaf curl virus naturally infecting Lycopersicon esculentum in Egypt. Infected symptomatic tomato plants from different governorates were sampled. A high degree of similarity to other previously reported Egyptian isolates and isolates from Jordan and Japan reflect the importance of phylogenetic analysis in monitoring virus genetic diversity and possibilities for divergence of more virulent strains or genotypes.
Allergenicity assessment of genetically modified cucumber mosaic virus CMV resistant tomato Solanum lycopersicon. Cucumber mosaic virus CMV has been identified as the causal agent of several disease epidemics in most countries of the world. Insect-mediated virus diseases, such as those caused by CMV, caused remarkable loss of tomato Solanum lycopersicon production in Taiwan.
In this report, the allergenicity of the CMV coat protein CMV cp expressed in transgenic tomato R8 was assessed by investigation of the expression of the transgene source of protein, sequence similarity with known allergens, and resistance to pepsin hydrolysis.
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There is no known account for either the CMV or its coat protein being an allergen. The result of a bioinformatic search also showed no significant homology between CMV cp and any known allergen. Specificity in the association of tomato black ring virus satellite RNA with helper virus. The satellite RNAs sat-RNAs associated with some isolates of tomato black ring virus TBRV consist of single-stranded molecules of about nucleotides, encoding a nonstructural protein of 48K which has been shown to be involved in the replication of the sat-RNA.
The specificity of the association resides at the level of sat-RNA replication. Analysis of the multiplication of chimeric sat-RNAs, obtained by exchanging different regions between the two sat-RNAs C and L, showed that the 5' and the 3' noncoding regions of the sat-RNA, although important for replication, are not implicated in specificity.
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The results suggest that the determinants of the specificity are contained in the 48K sat-RNA-encoded protein. First report of tomato chlorotic spot virus in sweet basil Ocimum basilicum and purslane Portulaca oleracea in Florida. Tomato chlorotic spot virus TCSV has been recently detected in tomato , pepper, hoya and vinca in Florida. Observations of additional crops in and revealed TCSV-like symptoms. Mar 26, Analysis of samples harvested in showed that infection of tomato crops was more common in the southwest than in the north Tahiri et al.
The sequence analysis revealed the existence of the. The Spanish origin Lifescience Database Archive English. In addition to regulating gene expression, RNA silencing is an essential antiviral defense system in plants. Triggered by double-stranded RNA, silencing results in degradation or translational repression of target transcripts.
Viruses are inducers and targets of RNA silencing. To condition susceptibility, most plant viruses encode silencing suppressors that interfere with this process, such as the Tomato spotted wilt virus TSWV NSs protein. The mechanism by which NSs suppresses RNA silencing and its role in viral infection and movement remain to be determined. We cloned NSs from the Hawaii isolate of TSWV and using two independent assays show for the first time that this protein restored pathogenicity and supported the formation of local infection foci by suppressor-deficient Turnip mosaic virus and Turnip crinkle virus.
Demonstrating the suppression of RNA silencing directed against heterologous viruses establishes the foundation to determine the means used by NSs to block this antiviral process. Isotopic diagnosis and molecular identification of cucumber mosaic virus and satellite RNA infecting tomato in Shanghai. In summer of and , typical viral disease symptoms were found on field tomato from Shanghai, which remarkably reduced the yield of tomato.
Viruses were also confirmed by analyzing dsRNA extracted from tomato leaves. Two 15nt complementary ssDNA as amplification primers. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the identity of this nt satellite and some documented satRNAs was Several mutation sites were found at the 3' terminus of the newly discovered satRNA.
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By Isotopic diagnosis and molecular Identification, variation of CMV and its satRNA were found in Tomato from Shanghai, Which may influence the viral disease prevalence and the emergence of new symptom. Comparative analysis of chrysanthemum transcriptome in response to three RNA viruses : Cucumber mosaic virus , Tomato spotted wilt virus and Potato virus X. The chrysanthemum is one of popular flowers in the world and a host for several viruses. So far, molecular interaction studies between the chrysanthemum and viruses are limited.
A chrysanthemum K microarray derived from expressed sequence tags was successfully applied for the expression profiles of the chrysanthemum at early stage of virus infection. Gene ontology GO enrichment analysis identified a total of GO terms, and of them, six GO terms related stress response and MCM complex were commonly identified for three viruses. Several genes functioning in stress response such as chitin response and ethylene mediated signaling pathway were up-regulated indicating their involvement in establishment of host immune system.
In particular, TSWV infection significantly down-regulated genes related to DNA metabolic process including DNA replication, chromatin organization, histone modification and cytokinesis, and they are mostly targeted to nucleosome and MCM complex. Taken together, our comparative transcriptome analysis revealed several genes related to hormone mediated viral stress response and DNA modification.
The identified chrysanthemums genes could be good candidates for further functional study associated with resistant to various plant viruses. Clustering and cellular distribution characteristics of virus particles of Tomato spotted wilt virus and Tomato zonate spot virus in different plant hosts.
Tomato spotted wilt virus TSWV and Tomato zonate spot virus TZSV are the two dominant species of thrip-transmitted tospoviruses, cause significant losses in crop yield in Yunnan and its neighboring provinces in China. TSWV and TZSV belong to different serogroup of tospoviruses but induce similar symptoms in the same host plant species, which makes diagnostic difficult. We used different electron microscopy preparing methods to investigate clustering and cellular distribution of TSWV and TZSV in the host plant species.
In the immunogold labeling negative staining against proteins of TZSV, the antibodies against Gn protein were stained more strongly than the N protein. Ultrathin section and high pressure freeze HPF -electron microscopy preparations revealed that TSWV particles were distributed in the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum ER , filamentous inclusions FI and Golgi bodies in the mesophyll cells.
TZSV particles were distributed more abundantly in the swollen membrane of ER in the mesophyll cell than those in the phloem parenchyma cells and were not observed in the top leaf cell. In this study, we identified TSWV and TZSV particles had the distinct cellular distribution patterns in the cytoplasm from different tissues and host plants. This is the first report of specific clustering characteristics of tospoviruses particles as well as the cellular distribution of TSWV particles in the FI and globular viroplasm where as TZSV particles inside the membrane of ER.
These results indicated that. Construction of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated tomato black ring virus infectious cDNA clones. Tomato black ring virus TBRV, genus Nepovirus infects a wide range of economically important plants such as tomato , potato, tobacco and cucumber. The symptoms induced on plants agroinoculated with both constructs were indistinguishable from those caused by the wild-type virus.