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Today, it is Belgium's largest university and, founded in , one of the oldest and most renowned universities in Europe. Since its founding, KU Leuven has been based in the city that shares its name. Leuven is a pleasant, safe and bustling student town, where centuries-rich history meets cutting-edge science. The university also offers degree programs at campuses in 11 Belgian cities, including Brussels, Ghent, and Antwerp. KU Leuven fulfills its mission by providing high-quality interdisciplinary research and education with a Catholic signature.

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Mission statement KU Leuven fulfills its mission by providing high-quality interdisciplinary research and education with a Catholic signature. Locations Leuven. Sint-Michielsstraat 4 Leuven , Flanders , Belgium. Keystone Scholarship Discover the options our scholarship can give you. Read more. Share In debat: een nieuwe economie na Corona with your friends.

Save In debat: een nieuwe economie na Corona to your collection. Mon, Jun 7, PM. Share Save Fri, Jan 15, PM. Freiheit mit Immobilien Neujahrsspecial Januar. Share Freiheit mit Immobilien Neujahrsspecial Januar with your friends. Save Freiheit mit Immobilien Neujahrsspecial Januar to your collection. Thu, Nov 18, PM. Fri, Jan 1, PM. Hooggevoeligheid HSP. Share Hooggevoeligheid HSP with your friends. Save Hooggevoeligheid HSP to your collection. From this angle, appeared as a convenient end point.

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History is continuous, however, and termini are always scholarly constructs that often serve rhetorical purposes. A long-term study of Zoutleeuw thus provides a valuable, complementary case that allows us to chart the evolution of lay devotion and its material culture after Like the surrounding Hageland region of which it was part, the town was in economic decline, and this clearly had a negative impact on demography.

A large chronological scope, transcending traditional categories of historical periodization further contributes to overcoming existing bias. Scholars such as Francis Rapp have already emphasized the necessity of studying the events framing the Reformation on a long-term basis. The documentary evidence of the preceding year period, presented in Part 1, allows us to re-evaluate this thesis. It has, however, not sufficiently been emphasized that the cult was of a relatively recent origin, as the statue had only started to work miracles in The same pattern recurs elsewhere in the Antwerp context.

The total devotional revenues in the Antwerp church of Our Lady show a parallel evolution, again with an unprecedented peak around The same can be deduced from other findings by Marnef: while he points at the chronological evolution of the foundation of confraternities and chaplaincies in Antwerp to illustrate the decline after , he places less emphasis on the fact that the years around stand out as the absolute high point.

Similarly, as we have seen, Vroom established that the revenues from the diocesan collections almost completely fell away after , but it should be noted that his data also clearly show a steady rise throughout the fifteenth century, reaching climaxes in and itself. They illustrate that the later fifteenth century saw the absolute high point of memberships, which for some confraternities lasted until The perceived sudden — or in some cases not so sudden — drop after is not absolute, but relative.

Although it is possible to speak of decline, it is only a decline when contrasted to the high peak that preceded it. Thus, and this is central to my argument, both moments cannot be studied separately, but should be considered in interaction. This long-term approach with which this book proposes to study the events around should also be applied to the succeeding period.

Scholars have been quick to emphasize that the drop noted circa revealed a definitive rather than a temporary phenomenon. Not all cases confirm this, however. For instance, after a devastating fire in the Antwerp church of Our Lady in the devotional revenues rose again, and though they would not reach the exceptional level of around again, they nevertheless remained on a significant level until at least. The same has been noted in the case of the Delft churches. This is further corroborated by the increasing popularity of lotteries being organized to finance major church building projects, grosso modo between and Finally, a long-term approach also allows us to chart possible transformations of piety.

The examples discussed above suggest that thinking cyclically about forms of piety and the popularity of cults can prove to be rewarding and more in tune with the documentary evidence. Recently, however, historical studies of piety in early modern Europe have started to look more closely at continuities, pointing to the continued attachment of believers to traditional religious practices.

It is interesting to note that heterodox perspectives have also drawn attention to continuities, stressing the clear links between late medieval heresies and the earliest Protestants in the Low Countries. Persecutions were certainly no new phenomenon when the first Protestant martyrs were burned at the stake on the Brussels market square.

Moreover, Alastair Duke has pointed out that the same imagery and metaphors continued to be used. Furthermore, iconoclasm also had clear precursors.

Cornelis Floris’ Sacrament House

Walker Bynum, among other scholars, has argued that late medieval iconoclasm actually developed in parallel to the increasing popularity of lifelike images. These recent studies question the stereotypical image of the sudden breakdown of traditional religion around marking the end of the long and dark Middle Ages, and suggest that actual practices were far more continuous with previous periods. The following chapters will confirm these observations by closely analyzing how the religious developments in the Low Countries impacted religious material culture in Zoutleeuw, where continuity is materialized through the sacrament house commissioned by Merten van Wilre and Marie Pylipert.

The religious convictions and moral values of a wealthy nobleman and his wife may of course not have been the same as that of a journeyman whose fortunes were much less certain. Nevertheless, in an effort to keep the social scope of this study as broad as possible, the local elite will be treated alongside the other categories of pilgrims and parishioners. None of these groups are of course strictly defined social categories, and overlaps certainly existed: while the cult of Saint Leonard in Zoutleeuw doubtlessly drew, in large part, on the local population, patrons such as Merten van Wilre were evidently also an integral part of the parish community, and they might equally have undertaken pilgrimages.

But distinguishing between groups allows us to focus on different aspects of the broad religious material culture, thus overcoming the documentary limits related to the study of traditional piety. After all, there was usually little reason to register the orthodox point of view, in contrast to the rich judicial sources produced by the persecution of heresies. This also allows us to discern motives and intentions.

Did the Zoutleeuw community engage in a dialogue with heterodox views, and how should continuity consequently be assessed: as an unconscious continuation of religious practices, or as their conscious confirmation?

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KU Leuven: Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies

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Chapter 3 The Waning of Medieval Piety? In: The Matter of Piety. Author: Ruben Suykerbuyk. Download PDF. The Thesis As the community at large was involved in these discussions in significant ways, it is essential to look beyond theological writings in order to consider how Protestantism actually influenced lay piety. Problems The argumentation is problematic. Alternatives A long-term study of Zoutleeuw thus provides a valuable, complementary case that allows us to chart the evolution of lay devotion and its material culture after Continuities The examples discussed above suggest that thinking cyclically about forms of piety and the popularity of cults can prove to be rewarding and more in tune with the documentary evidence.

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