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The feudal castle of the counts of Flanders, the Gravensteen, dates from ; with its great keep and circular walls, it is one of the most-imposing moated castles to have survived in Europe.
Bavo Bavon, or Baaf , which was the birthplace of John of Gaunt and now houses the Lapidary Museum, and the remains of the Cistercian abbey of Byloke, or Bijloke , which now houses the museum of archaeology and part of the city hospital. The Gothic Cathedral of St. Other medieval churches include St. Nicholas , which has the third of the great towers of Ghent the others are the Belfry and St. Ghent has many fine museums, notably the Museum of Fine Arts, which contains a treasury of paintings by Flemish masters who lived and worked in Ghent during the 16th and 17th centuries.
There is a state university, founded by William I in , and an agricultural college. Ghent Article Media Additional Info. Print Cite. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. According to the Survey and Study of Religion , [32] about 47 percent of the Belgian population identify themselves as belonging to the Catholic Church, while Islam is the second-largest religion at 3.
Jews have been present in Flanders for a long time, in particular in Antwerp. More recently, Muslims have immigrated to Flanders, now forming the largest minority religion with about 3. Education is compulsory from the ages of six to 18, but most Flemings continue to study until around Among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries in , Flanders had the third-highest proportion of to year-olds enrolled in postsecondary education. Flanders also scores very high in international comparative studies on education.
Its secondary school students consistently rank among the top three for mathematics and science. However, the success is not evenly spread: ethnic minority youth score consistently lower, and the difference is larger than in most comparable countries.
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Mirroring the historical political conflicts between the secular and Catholic segments of the population, the Flemish educational system is split into a secular branch controlled by the communities, the provinces, or the municipalities, and a subsidised religious—mostly Catholic—branch. For the subsidised schools, the main costs such as the teacher's wages and building maintenance completely borne by the Flemish government.
Subsidised schools are also free to determine their own teaching and examination methods, but in exchange, they must be able to prove that certain minimal terms are achieved by keeping records of the given lessons and exams. It should however be noted that—at least for the Catholic schools —the religious authorities have very limited power over these schools, neither do the schools have a lot of power on their own.
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The VSKO determines most practicalities for schools, like the advised schedules per study field. This resulted also in some smaller school systems follow 'methodical pedagogies' e. Steiner , Montessori , or Freinet or serve the Jewish and Protestant minorities. During the school year —, The big freedom given to schools results in a constant competition to be the "best" school. The schools get certain reputations amongst parents and employers.
So it's important for schools to be the best school since the subsidies depend on the number of pupils. This competition has been pinpointed as one of the main reasons for the high overall quality of the Flemish education.
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However, the importance of a school's reputation also makes schools more eager to expel pupils that don't perform well. Resulting in the ethnic differences and the well-known waterfall system: pupils start high in the perceived hierarchy, and then drop towards more professional oriented directions or "easier" schools when they can't handle the pressure any longer.
Healthcare is a federal matter, but the Flemish Government is responsible for care, health education and preventive care. At first sight, Flemish culture is defined by the Dutch language and its gourmandic mentality, as compared to the more Calvinistic Dutch culture. Dutch and Flemish paintings enjoyed more equal international admiration. The standard language in Flanders is Dutch ; spelling and grammar are regulated by a single authority, the Dutch Language Union Nederlandse Taalunie , comprising a committee of ministers of the Flemish and Dutch governments, their advisory council of appointed experts, a controlling commission of 22 parliamentarians, and a secretariate.
The biggest difference between Belgian Dutch and Dutch used in the Netherlands is in the pronunciation of words. The Dutch spoken in the north of the Netherlands is typically described as being "sharper", while Belgian Dutch is "softer". In Belgian Dutch, there are also fewer vowels pronounced as diphthongs. When it comes to spelling, Belgian Dutch language purists historically avoided writing words using a French spelling, or searched for specific translations of words derived from French, while the Dutch prefer to stick with French spelling, as it differentiates Dutch more from the neighbouring German.
For example, the Dutch word "punaise" English: Drawing pin is derived directly from the French language. Belgian Dutch language purists have lobbied to accept the word "duimspijker" literally: thumb spike as official Dutch, though the Dutch Language Union never accepted it as standard Dutch. Other proposals by purists were sometimes accepted, and sometimes reverted again in later spelling revisions. As language purists were quite often professionally involved in language e.
The earliest example of literature in non- standardized dialects in the current area of Flanders is Hendrik van Veldeke 's Eneas Romance , the first courtly romance in a Germanic language 12th century. With a writer of Hendrik Conscience 's stature, Flemish literature rose ahead of French literature in Belgium's early history. Original from kleengedichtjes ? Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan: ' t en zal!
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Dat hopen, dat begeren wij: dat zeggen en dat zweren wij: zoo lange als wij ons weren, wij: ' t en zal, 't en zal, ' t en zal! For explanations, continue along It shan't! This we hope, for this we hanker: this we say and this we vow: as long as we fight back, we: It shan't, It shan't, It shan't! The distinction between Dutch and Flemish literature, often perceived politically, is also made on intrinsic grounds by some experts such as Kris Humbeeck, professor of Literature at the University of Antwerp. Their novels mostly describe rural life in Flanders in the 19th century and at beginning of the 20th.
Widely read by the older generations, they are considered somewhat old-fashioned by present-day critics. They were followed by a younger generation, including Paul van Ostaijen and Gaston Burssens , who activated the Flemish Movement. The recent crop of writers includes the novelists Tom Lanoye and Herman Brusselmans , and poets such as the married couple Herman de Coninck and Kristien Hemmerechts.
At the creation of the Belgian state, French was the only official language. Historically Flanders was a Dutch-speaking region. For a long period, French was used as a second language and, like elsewhere in Europe, commonly spoken among the aristocracy. There is still a French-speaking minority in Flanders, especially in the municipalities with language facilities , along the language border and the Brussels periphery Vlaamse Rand , though many of them are French-speakers that migrated to Flanders in recent decades.
In French Flanders , French is the only official language and now the native language of the majority of the population, but there is still a minority of Dutch-speakers living there. French is also the primary language in the officially bilingual Brussels Capital Region , see Francization of Brussels. Many Flemings are also able to speak French, children in Flanders generally get their first French lessons in the 5th primary year normally around 10 years.
But the current lack of French outside the educational context makes it hard to maintain a decent level of French. As such, the proficiency of French is declining. Flemish pupils are also obligated to follow English lessons as their third language. Normally from the second secondary year around 14 years old , but the ubiquity of English in movies, music, IT and even advertisements makes it easier to learn and maintain the English language. Flemish provinces each have up to two TV channels as well.
Commercial television broadcasters include vtm and Vier VT4. Popular TV series are for example Thuis and F. De Kampioenen. The five most successful Flemish films were Loft ; 1,, visitors , Koko Flanel ; 1,, tickets sold , Hector ; , tickets sold , Daens ; , tickets sold and De Zaak Alzheimer ; , tickets sold. The other three ones were directed by Stijn Coninx.
Association football soccer is one of the most popular sports in both parts of Belgium, together with cycling, tennis, swimming and judo. In cycling, the Tour of Flanders is considered one of the five " Monuments ". Eddy Merckx is widely regarded as the greatest cyclist of all time, with five victories in the Tour de France and numerous other cycling records. Jean-Marie Pfaff , a former Belgian goalkeeper, is considered one of the greatest in the history of football soccer. Kim Gevaert and Tia Hellebaut are notable track and field stars from Flanders. The Summer Olympics were held in Antwerp.
Jacques Rogge has been president of the International Olympic Committee since The Flemish government agency for sports is Bloso. Flanders is known for its music festivals , like the annual Rock Werchter , Tomorrowland and Pukkelpop. The Gentse Feesten is another very large yearly event. The weekly charts of best-selling singles is the Ultratop Kvraagetaan by the Fixkes holds the current record for longest time at No.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the ship Flandre, see SS Flandre. For other uses, see Flanders disambiguation. Community and region of Belgium. Coat of arms. Present-day Flanders dark green shown within Belgium and Europe. Brussels is only part of the Flemish Community, and not of the Flemish Region.
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Main article: County of Flanders. Main article: French Flanders. Main article: Zeelandic Flanders.
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